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Novel Insect Florivory Strategy Initiates Autogamy in Unopened Allogamous Flowers.

N K Hillier1, E Evans2, R C Evans2

  • 1Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada. kirk.hillier@acadiau.ca.

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A novel insect-plant interaction reveals Mompha capella larvae feeding on Crocanthemum canadense flowers cause autogamy. This florivory benefits the insect by allowing seed consumption, while enabling plant reproduction.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Entomology
  • Plant reproductive biology

Background:

  • Insects interact with plants through pollination, galling, and herbivory, including florivory (flower consumption).
  • Crocanthemum canadense exhibits dimorphic cleistogamous reproduction, producing both open-pollinated and self-pollinated flowers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document and describe a previously unrecognized insect-plant interaction.
  • To investigate the mechanism and consequences of florivory-initiated autogamy in Crocanthemum canadense.

Main Methods:

  • Field observations of Mompha capella larvae feeding on Crocanthemum canadense flower buds.
  • Examination of floral structures and reproductive outcomes following larval feeding.
  • Analysis of the interaction in the context of the plant's reproductive strategies.

Main Results:

  • Mompha capella larvae feed on petal bases of C. canadense flowers before anthesis, initiating autogamy.
  • This florivory leads to fruit and seed development, despite the larvae consuming most seeds.
  • Surviving seeds remain viable, and the interaction is discussed concerning the plant's cleistogamous reproduction.

Conclusions:

  • A novel insect-plant interaction, florivory-initiated autogamy, has been identified.
  • This interaction benefits the florivore (Mompha capella) by providing access to developing seeds.
  • The study highlights a unique pollination mechanism driven by herbivory in C. canadense.