IL2 is required for functional maturation of regulatory T cells

Regulatory T cells (Tregs), specified by the expression of transcription factor Foxp3, operate Foxp3-dependent programs to maintain self-tolerance. In addition to Foxp3, other tissue-specific transcription factors are also required by Tregs to control the corresponding immune responses like follicular Tregs which express both Foxp3 and Bcl6 controlling germinal center reactions. Here, we show that Interleukin 2 (IL2) is required for the optimal expression of T helper type 1 (Th1) transcription factor T-box 21 (Tbx21, T-bet) in Tregs. The expression levels of CXCR3 and T-bet were reduced in IL2 deficient Tregs. Furthermore, IL2 deficient Treg cells failed to control the proliferation of CD4⁺ T cells in vitro and could not prevent the progression of colitis characterized by Th1 immune responses. Taken together, our data suggest that IL2 is essential for the functional maturation of Tregs including the optimal suppressive activity and the expression of tissue-specific transcription factors like T-bet.