Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes
Published on: February 14, 2020
Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Barley Immature Embryos
Alison Hinchliffe1, Wendy A Harwood2
1Crop Transformation Group, Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK.
Abstract:
Barley transformation is an essential tool for a range of functional genomics studies as well as for future crop improvement. The demand for efficient crop transformation systems continues to grow, with new genome editing technologies adding to that demand. Here we describe an efficient and routine transformation protocol for the spring barley Golden Promise, based on Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation of immature embryos. This protocol has been widely used for overexpression and RNAi applications and more recently for CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing. Average transformation efficiencies of 25% can be easily achieved.
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