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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Lipids01:32

Membrane Lipids

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Lipids are an essential component of all biological membranes. The average lipid content in mammalian membranes is 50%, though it can be as low as 20% in the inner mitochondrial membrane or as high as 80% in the myelin sheath present around the nerve cells.
Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin are the most common phospholipids present in mammalian membranes. At physiological pH, phosphatidylserine is negatively charged, while the other three...
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The cell is chemically composed of water, organic molecules and inorganic ions.
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The polarity of the water molecule and its resulting hydrogen bonding makes water a unique substance with special properties that are intimately tied to the processes of life. Life originally evolved in an aqueous environment, and most of an organism’s cellular chemistry and metabolism occur inside the aqueous contents of the cell’s cytoplasm. Special properties of water are its high heat capacity...
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Lipid Digestion01:06

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Lipids are large molecules that are generally not water-soluble. Since most of the digestive enzymes in the human body are water-based, there are specific steps the body must take to break down lipids and make them available for use.
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Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic (“water fearing”), or insoluble in water. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals. For example, they help keep aquatic...
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Oxidation Numbers03:14

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In redox reactions, the transfer of electrons occurs between reacting species. Electron transfer is described by a hypothetical number called the oxidation number (or oxidation state). It represents the effective charge of an atom or element, which is assigned using a set of rules.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Tethered Bilayer Lipid Membranes to Monitor Heat Transfer between Gold Nanoparticles and Lipid Membranes
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Subtle Changes in Lipid Environment Have Profound Effects on Membrane Oxidation Chemistry.

Xinxing Zhang1,2, Kevin M Barraza2, Kathleen T Upton2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lipid packing influences membrane chemistry. Loose packing adds oxygen, while compact packing cleaves double bonds via Criegee intermediates, altering membrane function.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysical chemistry
  • Surface chemistry
  • Lipidomics

Background:

  • Amphiphile-composed membranes exhibit delicate structures crucial for function.
  • Physical properties of membranes are well-studied, but associated chemical properties are less understood.
  • Understanding lipid chemistry is vital for predicting membrane behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of lipid packing on the chemical properties of membrane amphiphiles.
  • To explore the OH-mediated oxidation pathways of unsaturated lipids and surfactants at the air-water interface.
  • To elucidate the role of molecular packing in controlling reaction mechanisms and products.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized field-induced droplet ionization mass spectrometry (FIDI-MS) for analysis.
  • Studied six different unsaturated lipids/surfactants and their mixtures.
  • Analyzed reactions at the air-water interface under varying packing conditions.

Main Results:

  • Observed distinct oxidation pathways based on lipid packing density.
  • Loose packing led to oxygen addition without double bond cleavage.
  • Compact packing resulted in double bond cleavage, suggesting a Criegee intermediate mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Lipid packing is a critical determinant of chemical reactivity in amphiphile membranes.
  • Constrained environments influence reaction intermediate conformations, thereby controlling chemical pathways.
  • This study provides the first examples of delicate chemistry governing membrane amphiphilic components.