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Multiring pure-phase binary optical elements to extend depth of focus.

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    Pure-phase binary optical elements (BOEs) with more rings can extend the depth of focus (DOF). This study presents a modified algorithm to optimize BOEs for maximum DOF extension, showing performance increases with more rings.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Diffractive Optics

    Background:

    • Multiring pure-phase binary optical elements (BOEs) are crucial for extending the depth of focus (DOF) in optical systems.
    • Existing research lacks comprehensive validation of how varying the number of rings (N) in BOEs impacts maximum DOF extension.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a method for optimally designing N-ring pure-phase BOEs to achieve the longest possible DOF.
    • To investigate the relationship between the number of rings (N) and the achievable DOF extension.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized aberration theory to derive a simple initial phase for BOE design.
    • Developed a novel modified Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm for generating N-ring 0-π-phase BOEs.
    • Conducted theoretical, numerical, and experimental analyses to evaluate performance.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed modified Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm effectively generates N-ring 0-π-phase BOEs.
    • Demonstrated that increasing the number of rings (N) leads to a significant extension of the DOF for a given numerical aperture (NA).

    Conclusions:

    • The number of rings (N) in pure-phase binary optical elements is a key factor in extending the depth of focus.
    • The presented method provides an effective approach for designing BOEs with optimized DOF extension capabilities.