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Capacitor With A Dielectric

Capacitor With A Dielectric

Parallel plate capacitors consist of two conducting plates separated by a certain distance. However, it is mechanically difficult to hold the large plates parallel to each other without actual contact. Hence, a dielectric layer is commonly placed between the plates, which provides an easy solution for holding the plates together with a small gap and increases the capacitance of the capacitor.
Dielectrics are non-conducting materials with no free or loosely bound electrons. When a dielectric is...

Gauss's Law in Dielectrics

Gauss's Law in Dielectrics

Consider a polar dielectric placed in an external field. In such a dielectric, opposite charges on adjacent dipoles neutralize each other, such that the net charge within the dielectric is zero. When a polar dielectric is inserted in between the capacitor plates, an electric field is generated due to the presence of net charges near the edge of the dielectric and the metal plates interface. Since the external electrical field merely aligns the dipoles, the dielectric as a whole is neutral. An...

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...

Susceptibility, Permittivity and Dielectric Constant

Susceptibility, Permittivity and Dielectric Constant

When placed in an external electric field, a dielectric material gets polarized. The charge density in the dielectric material is given by the sum of the bound and free charge densities, while the total charge density can also be written in terms of the total electric field. The bound charge density can be measured in terms of polarization, leading to the relationship between electric displacement and polarization.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Utilization of Plasmonic and Photonic Crystal Nanostructures for Enhanced Micro- and Nanoparticle Manipulation

Utilization of Plasmonic and Photonic Crystal Nanostructures for Enhanced Micro- and Nanoparticle Manipulation

Published on: September 27, 2011

Plasmon coupling between complex gold nanostructures and a dielectric substrate.

Zahra Rostampour Fathi, M Pinar Menguc, Hakan Erturk

|November 22, 2018

Summary

Altering gold nanostructure geometry tunes light absorption by shifting surface plasmon resonance. Breaking symmetry in gold arrays significantly impacts plasmon resonance, enabling tailored optical properties.

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Last Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Utilization of Plasmonic and Photonic Crystal Nanostructures for Enhanced Micro- and Nanoparticle Manipulation

Utilization of Plasmonic and Photonic Crystal Nanostructures for Enhanced Micro- and Nanoparticle Manipulation

Published on: September 27, 2011

Template Directed Synthesis of Plasmonic Gold Nanotubes with Tunable IR Absorbance

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Published on: April 1, 2013

Assembly of Gold Nanorods into Chiral Plasmonic Metamolecules Using DNA Origami Templates

Assembly of Gold Nanorods into Chiral Plasmonic Metamolecules Using DNA Origami Templates

Published on: March 5, 2019

Area of Science:

* Nanophotonics and Plasmonics
* Computational Electromagnetics

Background:

* Incident electric fields induce asymmetric charge distribution on metal nanoparticles, altering surface plasmon resonance (SPR) frequency.
* SPR tuning is crucial for controlling light absorption at specific wavelengths.
* Understanding plasmonic properties of complex nanostructures is key for optical device design.

Purpose of the Study:

* To theoretically investigate the plasmonic properties of complex gold nanostructures with varying morphologies on a dielectric substrate.
* To explore the impact of particle shape, size, elongation, and array symmetry on light absorption and SPR.
* To present an enhanced computational tool for accurate plasmonic analysis.

Main Methods:

* Development of the discrete dipole approximation with surface interactions-z (DDA-SI) toolbox, version 3.
* Utilization of lower-upper decomposition for preconditioning the LSQR iterative solver to accelerate calculations.
* Simulation of gold dimers, trimers, and quadrumers with cubic and spherical geometries on a BK7 substrate.

Main Results:

* Absorption spectra show red- and blue-shifted plasmon resonances influenced by particle shape and elongation.
* Cubic gold arrays exhibit the highest absorption efficiency.
* Spherical gold structures provide broader absorption bandwidths.

Conclusions:

* Geometrical symmetry is a critical factor in determining the plasmon resonance of gold arrays.
* Breaking array symmetry leads to shifts in plasmon resonance.
* Combining cubic and spherical gold nanostructures offers a pathway to design systems with specific optical functionalities.