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Related Concept Videos

Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

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Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
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Fabrication of Polymer Microspheres for Optical Resonator and Laser Applications
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Polymer-based diffractive optical elements for rear end automotive applications: design and fabrication process.

M S Khan, Maik Rahlves, Roland Lachmayer

    Applied Optics
    |November 22, 2018
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    Summary

    Researchers developed a low-cost method for laser-based automotive rear lighting using binary gratings and UV lithography. This technology enables high-resolution lights capable of projecting information to guide road users.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Automotive Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Automotive lighting is advancing towards coherent light sources for enhanced functionality.
    • Current rear-end lighting systems require innovative solutions for higher resolution and adaptability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a cost-effective fabrication and design method for laser-based automotive rear lighting systems.
    • To explore the use of binary gratings for controlled light intensity distribution.
    • To introduce an optical maskless UV lithography system for efficient structure generation.

    Main Methods:

    • Design of laser-based lighting systems utilizing binary gratings for intensity control.
    • Fabrication using optical maskless UV lithography with a spatial light modulator (SLM).
    • Replication of structures onto polymers (PMMA) via soft lithography with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps and hot embossing.

    Main Results:

    • Successful fabrication of laser-based lighting structures using the proposed cost-effective method.
    • Demonstration of binary gratings' capability to achieve desired intensity distributions.
    • Experimental validation of the fabrication process for polymer-based lighting components.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed design and fabrication process is a promising approach for high-resolution automotive rear-end lights.
    • This technology can enable future vehicle lighting systems to project symbols or information for enhanced road user guidance.