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Related Concept Videos

Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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Weak Base Solutions03:21

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Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
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Weak Acid Solutions04:02

Weak Acid Solutions

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Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
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The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base01:08

Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base

4.9K
Weak acids and bases do not undergo dissociation completely, and titrations between these two are rarely studied. When such studies are performed, say, for the titration of a weak acid with a weak base, the titration curve plots the change in pH as a function of the volume of base added. Take the titration of acetic acid with ammonia, for instance. During the titration, these two species form ammonium acetate and water, but the pH change is slow and gradual.
As a result, there is no simple...
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Passive Filters01:27

Passive Filters

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Passive filters are utilized to shape the frequency spectrum of signals across a diverse array of applications. These filters, using only passive elements like resistors (R), inductors (L), and capacitors (C), are capable of selectively allowing or blocking certain frequency ranges without the need for external power sources.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Absolute Quantum Yield Measurement of Powder Samples
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Optimization of a quantum weak measurement system with digital filtering technology.

Yang Xu, Lixuan Shi, Tian Guan

    Applied Optics
    |November 22, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed a digital filtering technique to enhance frequency domain weak measurements. This method optimizes sensor performance, improving working range, sensitivity, and resolution for precise measurements.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Optical Engineering
    • Sensor Technology

    Background:

    • Weak measurements in the frequency domain present challenges in optimizing sensor performance.
    • Existing techniques may not fully leverage digital filtering for signal enhancement.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel post-Gaussian filtering theory for frequency domain weak measurements.
    • To introduce a highly deformed digital filtering technique for sensor optimization.
    • To experimentally validate the proposed technique using a weak measurement total internal reflection sensor.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a post-Gaussian filtering theory tailored for weak measurements.
    • Implementation of a highly deformed digital filtering algorithm.
    • Experimental setup utilizing a total internal reflection sensor for frequency domain weak measurements.

    Main Results:

    • The digital filtering technique significantly optimized the weak measurement system.
    • Achieved improvements in working range (0.210 rad), sensitivity (3210.9 nm/RIU), and resolution (7.12×10⁻⁷ RIU).

    Conclusions:

    • Digital filtering is effective in enhancing the performance of frequency domain weak measurement systems.
    • The proposed technique offers a viable method for optimizing sensors based on weak-frequency measurement principles.
    • Experimental validation confirms the practical applicability and benefits of the developed filtering approach.