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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

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Macro-connectomics and microstructure predict dynamic plasticity patterns in the non-human primate brain.

Sean Froudist-Walsh1,2, Philip Gf Browning1,2,3, James J Young4

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.

Elife
|November 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Brain plasticity after injury is dynamic but predictable. Researchers used multi-modal MRI in monkeys to map how functional connectivity changes, identifying key factors that forecast adaptation and recovery after brain lesions.

Keywords:
hippocampusmultimodal MRInetwork analysisneuroscienceneurotoxic lesionsnon-human primatesplasticityrhesus macaque

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Brain Injury Research

Background:

  • The brain's capacity for neural plasticity allows it to adapt connections after injury.
  • Understanding the timing and location of plasticity post-injury is crucial for targeted interventions and recovery mapping.
  • Current knowledge lacks precise predictions for where and when neural plasticity will occur.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To causally investigate the time-course and predictability of neural plasticity following hippocampal lesions.
  • To identify factors influencing the dynamic changes in functional connectivity after brain injury.
  • To establish a predictive framework for brain adaptation and recovery processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques.
  • Conducted experiments on monkeys with induced hippocampal lesions.
  • Analyzed functional connectivity patterns before and after injury.

Main Results:

  • Post-injury plasticity exhibits a highly dynamic temporal course.
  • Plastic adaptation is largely predictable based on pre-lesion network structure.
  • Predictive factors include the lesioned region's functional connectivity and cortical cell density gradients.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a predictive model for functional connectivity changes after brain lesions.
  • Predicting plasticity can help differentiate between permanent cognitive deficits and recovery.
  • This research offers a roadmap for understanding and potentially guiding brain repair after injury.