Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

9.6K
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
9.6K
X-linked Traits01:19

X-linked Traits

58.6K
In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.
58.6K
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

958
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
958
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

1.5K
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
1.5K
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

622
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
622
Sex-linked Disorders01:43

Sex-linked Disorders

108.8K
Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
108.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

From Policy to Practice: Brazil's Pathway to Eliminating Vertical Transmission of HIV as a Public Health Milestone.

Journal of the International AIDS Society·2026
Same author

Population-level impact of quadrivalent HPV vaccination in Brazil: a repeated cross-sectional study.

NPJ vaccines·2026
Same author

Cause-specific heat-related mortality in Rio de Janeiro city: Comparing exposure metrics and the role of exposure duration.

Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026
Same author

Prevalence of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in High-Risk Male Patients with Severe COVID-19 Treated with High-Dose Corticosteroids: A Prospective Cohort Study Using Screening MRI-How Many Have Been Left Behind?

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Operationalization of Severe Maternal Morbidity surveillance in administrative databases of the Brazilian public and private health systems: Brazil 2015-2022.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Strategies to improve retention in care among people living with HIV at health facilities in Manaus, Brazil: insight from health care providers.

AIDS research and therapy·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Breakfast Habits among Schoolchildren in the City of Uruguaiana, Brazil
06:48

Breakfast Habits among Schoolchildren in the City of Uruguaiana, Brazil

Published on: July 29, 2020

5.2K

Tuberculosis burden on AIDS in Brazil: A study using linked databases.

Valeria Saraceni1, Adele Schwartz Benzaken2, Gerson Fernando Mendes Pereira2

  • 1Health Situation Analysis Branch, Rio de Janeiro City Health Secretariat, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Plos One
|November 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tuberculosis (TB) co-infection in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) significantly reduces survival rates. Early screening for TB in PLHIV and HIV testing for TB cases are crucial to reduce mortality.

More Related Videos

An Experimental Model to Study Tuberculosis-Malaria Coinfection upon Natural Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium berghei
09:02

An Experimental Model to Study Tuberculosis-Malaria Coinfection upon Natural Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium berghei

Published on: February 17, 2014

20.3K
Fluorescence Assays for the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune Receptor SLAMF1
07:42

Fluorescence Assays for the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune Receptor SLAMF1

Published on: February 28, 2025

939

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Breakfast Habits among Schoolchildren in the City of Uruguaiana, Brazil
06:48

Breakfast Habits among Schoolchildren in the City of Uruguaiana, Brazil

Published on: July 29, 2020

5.2K
An Experimental Model to Study Tuberculosis-Malaria Coinfection upon Natural Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium berghei
09:02

An Experimental Model to Study Tuberculosis-Malaria Coinfection upon Natural Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium berghei

Published on: February 17, 2014

20.3K
Fluorescence Assays for the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune Receptor SLAMF1
07:42

Fluorescence Assays for the Study of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interaction with the Immune Receptor SLAMF1

Published on: February 28, 2025

939

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant opportunistic infection in individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
  • Understanding the burden and impact of TB/HIV co-infection is critical for effective public health strategies in Brazil.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the burden of TB among reported AIDS cases in Brazil.
  • To compare characteristics of TB/HIV co-infected individuals with those without TB.
  • To evaluate survival outcomes for individuals with and without TB in the context of HIV/AIDS.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized linked national databases for AIDS and TB (2011-2014) from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN).
  • Compared sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) data based on TB occurrence.
  • Employed Kaplan-Meier for survival analysis and Cox regression for associated factors.

Main Results:

  • TB was diagnosed in 6.3% of reported AIDS cases between 2011-2014.
  • TB/HIV co-infected individuals were more likely to be male, older, have lower education, lower CD4 counts, higher viral loads, and initiated ART more frequently.
  • Median survival was significantly lower for individuals with TB (547 days) compared to those without TB (582 days).
  • Factors associated with increased mortality included male gender, older age, and TB co-infection; ART and higher CD4 counts reduced mortality risk.

Conclusions:

  • Screening HIV-infected individuals for TB at entry to care is essential to reduce diagnostic and treatment delays.
  • Prompt HIV testing for TB cases is recommended to improve patient outcomes.
  • Integrated management of TB and HIV is vital to reduce mortality among people living with AIDS (PLHIV).