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Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

71.0K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Electromotive Force02:36

Electromotive Force

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Electricity is generated by either electrons or ions flowing through a solution or a conducting medium. This flow of electrons or specifically electrical charge is defined as an electric current. When electrons move through a wire, they generate an electric current. It can be recalled  that in a redox reaction, electrons are lost and gained. In the spontaneous redox reaction of zinc  with copper, when zinc is immersed in a copper ion solution, a transfer of electrons from one substance to...
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Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces03:00

Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces

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Intermolecular forces (IMF) are electrostatic attractions arising from charge-charge interactions between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular force is influenced by the distance of separation between molecules. The forces significantly affect the interactions in solids and liquids, where the molecules are close together. In gases, IMFs become important only under high-pressure conditions (due to the proximity of gas molecules). Intermolecular forces dictate the physical properties of...
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Intermolecular Forces in Solutions02:28

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

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The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
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Force01:06

Force

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Forces affect every moment of our life. Our bodies are held to the Earth by force, and they are held together by the forces of charged particles. When we open a door, walk down a street, lift a fork, or touch a baby's face, we are applying force. Our body's atoms are held together by electrical forces, and the core of an atom, called the nucleus, is held together by the strongest force known to us—nuclear force.
The study of motion is called kinematics, but kinematics only...
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Two Force Member01:30

Two Force Member

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The equilibrium of a two-force body is a particular case that is often encountered in practical applications. A two-force body is a rigid body that is subjected to only two external forces. For such a body to be in equilibrium, the two forces must have the same magnitude, the same line of action, and the opposite direction.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Simplified Human Neutrophil Extracellular Traps NETs Isolation and Handling
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Simplified Human Neutrophil Extracellular Traps NETs Isolation and Handling

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Mets and NETs: The Awakening Force.

Victoria Sanz-Moreno1, Frances R Balkwill2

  • 1Barts Cancer Institute, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M6BQ, UK.

Immunity
|November 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Neutrophil extracellular traps released during chronic lung inflammation awaken dormant cancer cells. This process contributes to tumor progression, highlighting a novel mechanism in cancer development.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Chronic lung inflammation is a known risk factor for cancer development.
  • Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are involved in inflammatory processes.
  • The precise role of NETs in cancer progression, particularly in the context of chronic lung inflammation, remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in cancer progression during chronic lung inflammation.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which NETs influence dormant malignant cells.

Main Methods:

  • The study utilized a mouse model of chronic lung inflammation.
  • Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue for NET components and malignant cell activity.

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  • In vitro experiments to assess the effect of NETs on cancer cell lines.

    • Main Results:

    • The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was significantly elevated during chronic lung inflammation.
    • NETs were found to interact with and awaken dormant malignant cells in the lung.
    • Exposure to NETs promoted the proliferation and migration of cancer cells, indicating a role in cancer progression.

    Conclusions:

    • Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a critical role in awakening dormant cancer cells during chronic lung inflammation.
    • This mechanism represents a novel pathway contributing to cancer progression in the lungs.
    • Targeting NET formation or activity could offer a potential therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.