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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Calvarial Model of Bone Augmentation in Rabbit for Assessment of Bone Growth and Neovascularization in Bone Substitution Materials
Published on: August 13, 2019
Effects of Enhanced Hydrophilic Titanium Dioxide-Coated Hydroxyapatite on Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Calvarial
Ji-Eun Lee1, Chung Wung Bark2, Hoang Van Quy3
1Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea. lufinel@naver.com.
Abstract:
The regeneration of bone defects caused by periodontal disease or trauma is an important goal. Porous hydroxyapatite (HA) is an osteoconductive graft material. However, the hydrophobic properties of HA can be a disadvantage in the initial healing process. HA can be coated with TiO₂ to improve its hydrophilicity, and ultraviolet irradiation (UV) can further increase the hydrophilicity by photofunctionalization. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of 5% TiO₂-coated HA on rabbit calvarial defects and compare it with that of photofunctionalization on new bone in the early stage. The following four study groups were established, negative control, HA, TiO₂-coated HA, and TiO₂-coated HA with UV. The animals were sacrificed and the defects were assessed by radiography as well as histologic and histomorphometric analyses. At 2 and 8 weeks postoperatively, the TiO₂-coated HA with UV group and TiO₂-coated HA group showed significantly higher percentages of new bone than the control group (p < 0.05). UV irradiation increased the extent of new bone formation, and there was a significant difference between the TiO₂-coated HA group and TiO₂-coated HA with UV group. The combination of TiO₂/HA and UV irradiation in bone regeneration appears to induce a favorable response.
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