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Assumption of Constraining Force to Explain Distortion in Laser Additive Manufacturing
Deqiao Xie1, Jianfeng Zhao2, Huixin Liang3
1College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China. dqxie@nuaa.edu.cn.
Abstract:
Distortion is a common but unrevealed problem in metal additive manufacturing, due to the rapid melting in metallurgy and the intricate thermal-mechanical processes involved. We explain the distortion mechanism and major influencing factors by assumption of constraining force, which is assumed between the added layer and substrate. The constraining force was set to act on the substrate in a static structural finite element analysis (FEA) model. The results were compared with those of a thermal-mechanical FEA model and experiments. The constraining force and the associated static structural FEA showed trends in distortion and stress distribution similar to those shown by thermal-mechanical FEA and experiments. It can be concluded that the constraining force acting on the substrate is a major contributory factor towards the distortion mechanism. The constraining force seems to be primarily related to the material properties, temperature, and cross-sectional area of the added layer.
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