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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
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The perception of a salty flavor is facilitated by sodium ions within the oral salivary fluid. Upon consumption of a salty substance, salt crystals disassemble, leading to the liberation of its constituents—Na+ and Cl- ions. These ions subsequently dissolve into the salivary fluid present in the oral cavity. The external environment of the gustatory cells experiences an elevation in Na+ concentration, thereby establishing a potent concentration gradient. This gradient propels the...
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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
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The physiology of emotions is a multifaceted process involving the autonomic nervous system, brain structures, hormones, and neurotransmitters. This intricate interplay dictates how emotions manifest in the body and influence behavior.
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Using Affordable LED Arrays for Photo-Stimulation of Neurons
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LEDs for photons, physiology and food.

P M Pattison1, J Y Tsao2, G C Brainard3

  • 1SSLS, Inc., Johnson City, TN, USA. morgan@sslsinc.com.

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Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) offer superior energy efficiency and control over light. Understanding plant and human responses to light unlocks new benefits for health, productivity, and food production.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Plant Science
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Traditional lighting is energy-intensive and offers limited control.
  • Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) provide enhanced energy efficiency and precise control over light characteristics.

Observation:

  • LEDs allow for fine-tuning of light color, intensity, and distribution.
  • Light can be utilized as a specific signal for physiological responses.
  • Light serves as an efficient energy source for fresh food production.

Findings:

  • A deeper understanding of physiological responses to light is crucial.
  • Precise light control facilitates significant energy savings.
  • Novel health and productivity benefits are achievable through advanced lighting.

Implications:

  • Optimized lighting strategies can improve human well-being and productivity.
  • LED technology can revolutionize indoor farming and food security.
  • Further research into light-plant and light-human interactions promises significant advancements.