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Bone Cells and Tissue

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
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Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications
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Injectable hydrogel composite containing modified gold nanoparticles: implication in bone tissue regeneration.

Donghyun Lee1, Dong Nyoung Heo2, Ha Ram Nah3

  • 1Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea, kwoni@khu.ac.kr.

International Journal of Nanomedicine
|November 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an injectable hydrogel made from gelatin and gold nanoparticles that promotes bone regeneration. The developed hydrogel system shows potential for tissue engineering and bone defect treatment.

Keywords:
N-acetyl cysteineenzymatic cross-linkinggelatinnanomaterialosteogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Effective bone regeneration requires biocompatible scaffolds for cell growth and osteogenic stimulation.
  • An injectable hydrogel system using enzymatic cross-linkable gelatin (Gel) and functionalized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) is proposed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an injectable hydrogel system for bone regeneration.
  • To functionalize gelatin with tyramine (Gel-Ty) for phenol crosslinking and gold nanoparticles with N-acetyl cysteine (G-NAC) for osteodifferentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Gelatin was modified with tyramine (Gel-Ty) for horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-mediated crosslinking.
  • Gold nanoparticles were functionalized with N-acetyl cysteine (G-NAC) to enhance osteodifferentiation.
  • The Gel-Ty/G-NAC hydrogels were tested for biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and their effect on human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs).

Main Results:

  • Gel-Ty/G-NAC hydrogels exhibited suitable mechanical strength and biocompatibility for hASC growth over three days.
  • G-NAC promoted osteodifferentiation in hASCs, confirmed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity.
  • The phenol crosslinking reaction proved effective for injectable hydrogels.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Gel-Ty/G-NAC hydrogels are promising for bone defect treatment and tissue engineering applications.
  • Functionalized gold nanoparticles (G-NAC) effectively stimulate bone regeneration.
  • Injectable hydrogels utilizing phenol crosslinking are suitable for tissue regeneration.