Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 2, 2026
Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology
Published on: May 2, 2025
Clinical and molecular characteristics associated with the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for solid tumors: a
Yi Ming Weng1, Min Peng1, Meng Xue Hu1
1Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China, qibinsong@163.com.
Abstract:
We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the impact of different clinical and molecular characteristics on the efficacy of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for related trials. Eleven eligible studies, comprising 5,663 patients, were included in this meta-analysis. We found that the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor was associated with a 31% reduction in the risk of death (hazard ratio [HR]=0.69; 95% CI 0.64-0.74; P<0.00001) for patients with melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), urothelial carcinoma, head and neck carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma. In subgroup analyses, all the patients with PD-L1-positive tumors had overall survival (OS) benefits from PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors regardless of PD-L1 expression level, and a dose-effect relationship between the expression of PD-L1 and OS benefit from PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors was observed. There was an OS improvement for patients with a smoking history (P<0.00001), but no OS benefit was observed for nonsmokers (P=0.28). In addition, first-line therapy had better OS than second-line or later treatment (P=0.02). No significant improvement of OS was observed (P=0.70) in patients aged ≥75 years. The relative treatment efficacy was similar according to sex (male vs female, P=0.60), performance status (0 vs ≥1, P=0.68), tumor histology (squamous NSCLC vs non-squamous NSCLC vs melanoma vs urothelial carcinoma vs head and neck carcinoma vs renal cell carcinoma, P=0.64), and treatment type (PD-1 inhibitor vs PD-L1 inhibitor, P=0.36). In conclusion, PD-L1-positive tumors, smoking history, and first-line treatment were potential factors for the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Patients with higher PD-L1 expression might achieve greater OS benefits. In addition, sex, performance status, tumor histology, and treatment type could not predict the efficacy of this therapy. In contrast, patients aged >75 years and nonsmokers might not get OS benefits from this treatment. These results may improve treatment strategies and patient selection for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.
Insights
Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors significantly reduce mortality risk in several cancers. PD-L1 positivity, smoking history, and first-line treatment predict better outcomes, while older age and non-smoking status may not benefit.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunotherapy
- Clinical Trials
Background:
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors, have revolutionized cancer treatment.
- Predicting patient response to these therapies remains a critical challenge.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a meta-analysis evaluating clinical and molecular factors influencing the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.
- To identify patient subgroups who benefit most from these immunotherapies.
Main Methods:
- A meta-analysis of 11 eligible studies involving 5,663 patients.
- Systematic literature search of PubMed and Web of Science for relevant trials.
- Subgroup analyses based on PD-L1 expression, smoking history, treatment line, age, sex, performance status, tumor histology, and treatment type.
Main Results:
- PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors reduced the risk of death by 31% (HR=0.69) across melanoma, NSCLC, urothelial, head and neck, and renal cell carcinomas.
- Patients with PD-L1-positive tumors showed overall survival (OS) benefits, with a dose-effect relationship observed.
- Favorable factors for OS included a smoking history and first-line therapy; older age (≥75 years) and non-smoking status were associated with no significant OS benefit.
Conclusions:
- PD-L1 tumor status, smoking history, and first-line treatment are key predictors of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor efficacy.
- Higher PD-L1 expression may correlate with greater OS benefits.
- Sex, performance status, tumor histology, and treatment type did not significantly predict efficacy in this analysis.
More Related Videos
09:11Y-90 Radioembolization and PD-1 Inhibitor as Neoadjuvant Treatment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Published on: May 24, 2024
10:18Author Spotlight: Magnetic Fluorescent Bead-Based Dual-Reporter Flow Analysis of PDL1-Vaxx Peptide Vaccine-Induced Antibody Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction
Published on: July 7, 2023
Related Concept Videos
01:26PD Controller: Design
Designing a continuous-data controller requires selecting and linking components like adders and integrators, which are fundamental in Proportional,...
01:07Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control
Consider the example of control of motor torque. Initially, a positive...
02:54Molecular and Ionic Solids
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
01:24Frequency-Domain Interpretation of PD Control
The proportional control gain, combined with the...
02:26Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids
02:37Metallic Solids
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....