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Related Concept Videos

Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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Ideal Solutions02:24

Ideal Solutions

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According to Raoult’s law, the partial vapor pressure of a solvent in a solution is equal or identical to the vapor pressure of the pure solvent multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution. However, Raoult's Law is only valid for ideal solutions. For a solution to be ideal, the solvent-solute interaction must be just as strong as a solvent-solvent or solute-solute interaction. This suggests that both the solute and the solvent would use the same amount of energy to escape to the...
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General Properties of Solutions02:12

General Properties of Solutions

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Many common substances around us exist as a solution, such as ocean water, air, and gasoline. All solutions are mixtures of substances that are composed of varying amounts of two or more types of atoms or molecules. A mixture with a non-uniform composition is a heterogeneous mixture, whereas a mixture with a uniform composition is a homogeneous mixture. The components that make the homogeneous mixture are evenly spread out and thoroughly mixed. 
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Solution Formation02:16

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There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
This selective...
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There are two criteria that favor, but do not guarantee, the spontaneous formation of a solution:
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Standard Solutions01:14

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Standard solutions refer to solutions with a precisely known concentration or composition. A primary standard is a highly pure, high molar mass, stable substance that is entirely soluble in water, the most commonly used solvent in analytical chemistry. The primary standard solution can be used to standardize secondary standards, which are substances with known concentrations but are less pure and stable. Standard solutions are essential for achieving accurate and reliable results in analytical...
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Robotic Lateral Pancreaticojejunostomy for Chronic Pancreatitis
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Chronic lateral epicondylitis: challenges and solutions.

Wilson C Lai1, Brandon J Erickson2, Ryan A Mlynarek3

  • 1David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine
|November 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Treatments for lateral epicondylitis (LE) vary. While NSAIDs and physical therapy offer limited relief, biologics like PRP may outperform steroids for chronic elbow pain. Surgical options are effective for severe cases.

Keywords:
biologicsinjectionlateral epicondylitisplatelet-rich plasmashockwavestem cellssurgerytennis elbow

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Lateral epicondylitis (LE), or tennis elbow, causes significant pain and dysfunction.
  • Chronic LE cases present treatment challenges, with ongoing debate on optimal strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence for various lateral epicondylitis treatments.
  • To compare the efficacy of conservative and surgical interventions for LE.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on LE treatments.
  • Analysis of data on non-surgical (NSAIDs, PT, biologics) and surgical approaches.

Main Results:

  • NSAIDs, physical therapy, bracing, and shockwave therapy show limited efficacy for LE.
  • Biologics (e.g., platelet-rich plasma) may offer better long-term results than corticosteroid injections.
  • All surgical techniques (open, arthroscopic, percutaneous) are effective for refractory LE, with arthroscopic and percutaneous methods potentially offering faster recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Biologic injections show promise for long-term LE management, warranting further research.
  • Surgical interventions provide effective solutions for refractory lateral epicondylitis, with minimally invasive options potentially accelerating patient return to activities.