Biochemical changes associated with temporomandibular disorders

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Endocrinology
• Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine

Background:

• Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are complex conditions affecting the jaw joint and surrounding muscles.
• The relationship between mineral and hormonal imbalances, particularly vitamin D, and TMDs requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare serum levels of vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in patients with and without TMDs.
• To investigate the potential role of these biochemical markers in the pathophysiology of TMDs.

Main Methods:

• A prospective observational study involving 50 patients with TMDs and 50 age-, sex-, and date-matched healthy controls.
• Diagnosis of TMDs was confirmed through physical and radiological examinations.
• Serum levels of 25(OH) vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus were quantified.

Main Results:

• No significant differences were observed in age or sex between the TMD and control groups.
• Serum levels of 25(OH) vitamin D, calcitonin, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus did not differ significantly between the groups.
• Parathyroid hormone levels were significantly higher in patients diagnosed with TMDs compared to healthy controls.

Conclusions:

• Patients with TMDs exhibit a more pronounced increase in parathyroid hormone in response to vitamin D deficiency.
• These findings suggest a potential link between vitamin D deficiency and TMDs, highlighting the importance of screening and supplementation.
• Further research is warranted to elucidate the causal relationship and therapeutic implications.