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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Porcine As a Training Module for Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstruction
Published on: September 29, 2018
Effects of using a document holder when typing on head excursion and neck muscle activity among computer users with
Ambusam Subramaniam1,2, Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh1
1Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.
Abstract:
Purpose. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of using a document holder while typing on head excursion and neck muscle activity among computer users with and without neck pain. Method. An experimental study including 52 individuals with (n = 26) and without (n = 26) neck pain was conducted. Head excursion and neck muscle activity were measured using an accelerometer and surface electromyography, respectively. Two-way analysis of variance was conducted to examine the effects of using a document holder between computer users with and without neck pain. Results. The results demonstrated a decrease in head excursion (p < 0.001) and muscle activity of both the right and left upper trapezius and the left lower trapezius and right anterior deltoid (p < 0.05) with the use of a document holder. Computer users with neck pain had significantly (p < 0.001) higher right lower trapezius muscle activity compared to the group without neck pain. Conclusion. The results of the study supported the use of a document holder to assist in decreasing head excursion and neck muscle activity. The use of a document holder while typing may be beneficial in preventing repetitive strain injuries among computer users.
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