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Related Concept Videos

Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond.
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The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond. Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units.
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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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[Possible technical elements for the ultimate nucleotide sequencers].

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Yi Chuan = Hereditas
|November 23, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advancing DNA sequencing technology is crucial for genomics and precision medicine. Future sequencers will directly analyze single RNA molecules using innovations like nanopores and AI.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • DNA sequencing technology, developed in the 1970s, underpins genomics and precision medicine.
  • Increasing resolution in cellular and molecular studies necessitates advancements beyond DNA/cDNA sequencing, including detection of modifications like DNA/RNA methylation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the technological elements required for fourth-generation nucleotide sequencers.
  • To discuss the potential roles of cutting-edge technologies in direct single RNA molecule sequencing.

Main Methods:

  • Review and discussion of emerging technologies relevant to next-generation sequencing.
  • Analysis of components such as nanopores, nanofabrication, advanced spectrometry, single-molecule photonics/plasmonics, and AI-driven data analysis.

Main Results:

  • Direct sequencing of single RNA molecules without cDNA conversion represents a significant leap in sequencing technology.
  • Integration of nanopores, advanced spectrometry, and AI tools is expected in future sequencers.

Conclusions:

  • Fourth-generation nucleotide sequencers will likely incorporate diverse cutting-edge technologies for higher resolution and direct RNA analysis.
  • Addressing the complexity of biological systems requires international collaboration and novel frameworks for sequencing advancements.