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Related Concept Videos

Archival Research01:40

Archival Research

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Some researchers gain access to large amounts of data without interacting with a single research participant. Instead, they use existing records to answer various research questions. This type of research approach is known as archival research. Archival research relies on looking at past records or data sets to look for interesting patterns or relationships. For example, a researcher might access the academic records of all individuals who enrolled in college within the past ten years and...
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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Ultra-long Read Sequencing for Whole Genomic DNA Analysis
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Ultra-long Read Sequencing for Whole Genomic DNA Analysis

Published on: March 15, 2019

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[GSA: Genome Sequence Archive].

Si Si Zhang1,2, Ting Ting Chen1,2, Jun Wei Zhu1,2

  • 1BIG Data Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

Yi Chuan = Hereditas
|November 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The Genome Sequence Archive (GSA) in China offers free raw sequence data storage and sharing for global researchers. This INSDC-compliant repository supports diverse sequencing technologies and has archived over 500 TB of data.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Data Science

Background:

  • The need for centralized, standardized raw sequence data repositories is critical for advancing genomic research.
  • International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC) standards ensure data interoperability and accessibility.
  • China's growing contribution to genomic research necessitates a dedicated national data archive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the Genome Sequence Archive (GSA) as a new INSDC-compliant data repository in China.
  • To detail the GSA's capabilities in data submission, curation, storage, and sharing for raw sequence reads.
  • To encourage global scientific community engagement with the GSA for omics data management.

Main Methods:

  • Adherence to International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC) standards for data submission and management.
  • Support for a wide range of sequencing platforms, from Sanger to single-cell sequencing.
  • Development of robust data storage and free sharing services for raw sequence reads.

Main Results:

  • The Genome Sequence Archive (GSA) has successfully archived over 500 TB of data since its launch in late 2015.
  • The GSA is compliant with INSDC standards, ensuring data quality and interoperability.
  • The repository has gained recognition from high-profile scientific journals, indicating its value to the research community.

Conclusions:

  • The GSA provides essential infrastructure for omics data management, particularly for Chinese researchers.
  • Its free and open data sharing policy promotes global collaboration and accelerates scientific discovery.
  • The GSA is a significant resource for the international bioinformatics and genomics communities.