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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

1.8K
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

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Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
281
Hepatic Portal System01:21

Hepatic Portal System

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The hepatic portal system, a critical part of our circulatory framework, transports nutrient-laden, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This ingenious system plays an indispensable role in maintaining our body's metabolic equilibrium.
At its core, the hepatic portal vein is the result of a confluence of the superior and inferior mesenteric veins along with the splenic vein. Each of these veins has a unique role. The superior mesenteric vein is...
5.9K
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

247
Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
247
Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors01:16

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors

583
The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...
583
Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters01:14

Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters

312
In the liver and bile canaliculi, influx and efflux transporters modification can influence intrinsic clearance. Transporters play a significant role in moving drugs within liver cells. Elaborate models, such as the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), are essential to relate transporters to drug disposition. This system categorizes drugs into four classes based on solubility and permeability, providing insights into elimination routes and the effects of transporters following oral...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice
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The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice

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Grand round: Autoimmune hepatitis.

Palak J Trivedi1, Stefan G Hubscher2, Michael Heneghan3

  • 1National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, University of Birmingham, UK; Liver Unit, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK.

Journal of Hepatology
|November 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmune hepatitis is a relapsing liver disease influenced by genetics and environment. Treatment involves immunosuppression, but managing its varied presentations and side effects remains challenging.

Keywords:
Alternative therapiesAutoimmune hepatitisImmune-mediated liver injuryMycophenolatePrimary sclerosing cholangitisTacrolimus

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a liver disease driven by immune system dysregulation.
  • It involves immunogenetic and environmental factors, leading to chronic liver damage.
  • Corticosteroids are a primary treatment, but AIH is characterized by relapsing-remitting activity.

Observation:

  • AIH presents heterogeneously, with varied disease courses and responses to therapy.
  • Hepatocyte injury is a hallmark, with reparative processes attempting to counteract damage.
  • Overlap syndromes with other autoimmune liver diseases complicate diagnosis and management.

Findings:

  • Current immunosuppressive therapies aim to induce remission but carry significant side effects.
  • Clinical practice must address the heterogeneity in disease presentation and treatment outcomes.
  • Understanding immune-serological classifiers is crucial for predicting disease course.

Implications:

  • Optimizing AIH treatment requires personalized approaches considering disease heterogeneity.
  • Further research is needed to improve treatment tolerability and long-term outcomes.
  • Identifying alternative therapies for difficult-to-treat AIH cases is a clinical priority.