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Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools
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Cohort by Education Interactions in Longitudinal Changes in Functional Abilities.

Deborah Finkel1,2, Marie Ernsth Bravell2

  • 1Indiana University Southeast, New Albany, USA.

Journal of Aging and Health
|November 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Educational disparities in physical function are widening in recent generations. Lower education is linked to faster declines in balance and flexibility for those born later, suggesting increasing health inequalities.

Keywords:
cohort differencescumulative advantagehealth disparitieslatent growth curve models

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Traditional research on education and health disparities often overlooks objective functional abilities.
  • Focusing on mortality or self-reported health may mask crucial differences in physical functioning across educational strata.
  • Understanding cohort differences in education-health relationships is vital for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine cohort differences in the relationship between educational attainment and objective measures of functional abilities.
  • To investigate how education impacts longitudinal trajectories of physical function across the lifespan.
  • To determine if education-health disparities in functional abilities are changing in more recent birth cohorts.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized longitudinal data from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (N=859).
  • Divided participants into two cohorts based on birth year (1900-1924 and 1925-1948).
  • Employed latent growth curve models (LGCM) to analyze changes in functional abilities (Balance, Flexibility) over time, comparing across educational levels and cohorts.

Main Results:

  • Latent growth curve models revealed significant divergence in longitudinal trajectories of Balance and Flexibility between lower and higher educational attainment groups.
  • This divergence was observed exclusively in the later-born cohort (1925-1948).
  • Individuals with lower educational attainment in the later-born cohort experienced more pronounced age-related declines in these functional abilities.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support the cumulative advantage theory, indicating that educational benefits compound over time.
  • Education-health disparities in objective functional abilities appear to be increasing in more recent cohorts.
  • These widening disparities persist even within countries with robust healthcare and educational systems, highlighting a critical public health concern.