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Sleep-disordered breathing, craniofacial development, and neurodevelopment in premature infants: a 2-year follow-up

Yu-Shu Huang1, Jen-Fu Hsu2, Teresa Paiva3

  • 1Department of Child Psychiatry, Sleep Center and Craniofacial ResearchCenter, Taiwan; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

Sleep Medicine
|November 24, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Preterm infants often have narrow palates and more sleep problems, including obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), by two years old. This suggests abnormal facial growth impacts SDB development in these infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal development
  • Pediatric sleep medicine
  • Craniofacial abnormalities

Background:

  • Premature infants exhibit higher rates of neurodevelopmental issues and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) compared to full-term infants.
  • Narrow palatal presentation is a craniofacial characteristic observed in some infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between neurodevelopment, sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and narrow palatal presentation in preterm infants at 24 months corrected age (CA).

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study following preterm infants (birth GA ≤ 40 weeks) and a control group of full-term infants.
  • Evaluated craniofacial development (narrow hard palate - NHP), sleep (polysomnography - PSG), and neurodevelopment (Bayley Scales, DDST) at 6 and 24 months CA.

Main Results:

  • At 24 months CA, 65.2% of preterm infants had NHP, and 79% exhibited an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) > 1 event/hour via PSG.
  • Preterm infants showed significantly higher NHP and AHI compared to full-term infants.
  • Preterm infants also demonstrated a higher incidence of sleep problems and developmental delays.

Conclusions:

  • Preterm infants have a higher prevalence of NHP and obstructive SDB at 24 months CA.
  • The persistent high frequency of NHP suggests abnormal orofacial growth contributes to the development of SDB in preterm infants.
  • Findings highlight the link between craniofacial development, SDB, and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm populations.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cranio-facial growthNarrow hard palateNeuro-developmentPrematuritySleep-disordered breathing

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