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Was the Mitochondrion Necessary to Start Eukaryogenesis?

Vladimír Hampl1, Ivan Čepička2, Marek Eliáš3

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The evolution of eukaryotic cells did not require mitochondria before phagocytosis. Modern diverse eukaryotes demonstrate that phagocytosis can precede the development of mitochondria, challenging previous theories.

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Area of Science:

  • Eukaryotic cell evolution
  • Cell energetics
  • Phagocytosis

Background:

  • Cell energetics arguments suggest mitochondria preceded eukaryotic complexity.
  • This view posits mitochondria were essential for increased cell volume, genome size, and phagotrophy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the necessity of mitochondria preceding phagocytosis in eukaryogenesis.
  • To re-evaluate the role of cell energetics in the evolution of complex eukaryotic features.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of extant amitochondriate eukaryotes.
  • Examination of picoeukaryote cell sizes and phagocytic capabilities.
  • Critique of energetic assumptions in evolutionary models.

Main Results:

  • Aitochondriate eukaryotes exhibit large cells and genomes, and are phagotrophic.
  • Picoeukaryotes show phagotrophy is possible at small cell sizes.
  • The assumption that complex features require extra ATP is unfounded.

Conclusions:

  • The diversity of extant eukaryotes does not support the hypothesis that mitochondria must precede phagocytosis.
  • Alternative evolutionary pathways for eukaryogenesis are plausible.