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Related Concept Videos

Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

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Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

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G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Couple01:29

Couple

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A couple is a pair of parallel forces equal in magnitude but in opposite directions. The forces are separated by a perpendicular distance, known as the couple's arm. The couple causes a rotation force or moment that rotates the body about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the forces. The resulting moment is referred to as the couple moment. The SI unit of a couple moment is the Newton-meter (N-m).
A typical example to understand this concept is tightening a bolt with a lug wrench. A...
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Laboratory Estimation of Net Trophic Transfer Efficiencies of PCB Congeners to Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush from Its Prey
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Migratory coupling between predators and prey.

Nathan B Furey1,2, Jonathan B Armstrong3, David A Beauchamp4

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA. Nathan.Furey@unh.edu.

Nature Ecology & Evolution
|November 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Migratory coupling describes how migrating prey drive predator movements, impacting ecosystems. This phenomenon links predator-prey dynamics across landscapes, affecting endangered species and food webs.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Movement Ecology
  • Food Web Dynamics
  • Community Ecology

Background:

  • Animal migrations connect ecosystems and involve endangered species.
  • Predator exploitation of migrating prey is common but poorly understood.
  • Large-scale predator movements induced by prey migration are termed migratory coupling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and explore the concept of migratory coupling.
  • To review existing literature and propose hypotheses for migratory coupling.
  • To establish a framework for understanding the ecological consequences of migratory coupling.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of migratory coupling examples.
  • Hypothesis generation on favorable conditions for migratory coupling.
  • Development of a conceptual framework for migratory coupling interactions.

Main Results:

  • Migratory coupling links ecosystems through predator-prey movements.
  • This phenomenon has significant ecological consequences for prey, predators, and communities.
  • The study provides a framework to analyze community-level impacts.

Conclusions:

  • Migratory coupling is an understudied ecological frontier.
  • It integrates landscape, movement, food web, and community ecology.
  • Understanding migratory coupling is crucial for conserving migratory species and ecosystems.