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Related Concept Videos

Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

75.7K
Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
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Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

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Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Chromatographic Purification of Highly Active Yeast Ribosomes
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Chromatographic Purification of Highly Active Yeast Ribosomes

Published on: October 24, 2011

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Ribosome assembly coming into focus.

Sebastian Klinge1, John L Woolford2

  • 1Laboratory of Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. klinge@rockefeller.edu.

Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
|November 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This review details yeast ribosome assembly, integrating genetic, biochemical, and cryo-electron microscopy data. It explains how molecular mechanisms like RNA compaction and proofreading ensure proper ribosome biogenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Ribosome assembly is a complex pathway essential for protein synthesis.
  • Decades of research in yeast have identified key factors and proposed assembly models.
  • Recent cryo-electron microscopy studies offer high-resolution views of assembly intermediates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of yeast small and large ribosomal subunit assembly.
  • To integrate genetic, biochemical, and structural data for a comprehensive understanding.
  • To highlight key concepts in ribosome biogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic and biochemical analyses of yeast ribosome assembly factors.
  • Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to visualize ribosome precursor particles.
  • Integration of structural data with existing biochemical and genetic models.

Main Results:

  • Structural data from cryo-EM support and refine existing models of ribosome assembly.
  • Mechanistic insights into RNA compaction, molecular switches, and mimicry are provided.
  • The roles of irreversible assembly checkpoints and proofreading in pre-ribosomal particles are elucidated.

Conclusions:

  • Yeast ribosome assembly involves intricate mechanisms occurring across the nucleolus, nucleus, and cytoplasm.
  • Structural biology provides critical validation and mechanistic detail for genetic and biochemical models.
  • Understanding these processes is fundamental to cellular function and protein synthesis.