Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Oxidation Numbers03:14

Oxidation Numbers

42.6K
In redox reactions, the transfer of electrons occurs between reacting species. Electron transfer is described by a hypothetical number called the oxidation number (or oxidation state). It represents the effective charge of an atom or element, which is assigned using a set of rules.
42.6K
Pyruvate Oxidation01:15

Pyruvate Oxidation

168.8K
After glycolysis, the charged pyruvate molecules enter the mitochondria via active transport and undergo three enzymatic reactions. These reactions ensure that pyruvate can enter the next metabolic pathway so that energy stored in the pyruvate molecules can be harnessed by the cells.
First, the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase removes the carboxyl group from pyruvate and releases it as carbon dioxide. The stripped molecule is then oxidized and releases electrons, which are then picked up by NAD+...
168.8K
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

75.7K
Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
75.7K
Marcia's Theory of Identity Status01:26

Marcia's Theory of Identity Status

1.6K
James Marcia's identity status model provides a framework for understanding how adolescents navigate identity formation through varying degrees of exploration and commitment. Marcia's model builds on Erik Erikson's theories of psychosocial development, focusing specifically on how adolescents reconcile individual aspirations with societal expectations. His model describes identity formation as a dynamic process where adolescents move between different states depending on their level...
1.6K
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy01:30

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

1.0K
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy, also known as CRRT, is a procedural treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI) that gradually removes uremic toxins and fluids while maintaining acid-base balance and stabilizing electrolytes. It is particularly useful for hemodynamically unstable patients. Unlike intermittent hemodialysis, which is faster, CRRT provides a gentler approach over 24 hours, closely mimicking the function of natural kidneys. However, CRRT is not ideal for patients with...
1.0K
Oxidation of Alcohols02:37

Oxidation of Alcohols

16.1K
In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
16.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Distinct Gut Microbiomic and Metabolomic Signatures in Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis.

The Journal of rheumatology·2026
Same author

Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of an Escherichia coli-produced nine-valent human papillomavirus vaccine: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.

The Lancet. Infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Functioning gonadotroph macroadenoma associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.

JCEM case reports·2026
Same author

Carney complex with PRKAR1A variant and breast/fibrolamellar carcinomas.

Human genome variation·2026
Same author

Assessment of quality of life in people with hemophilia on coagulation factor prophylaxis in Brazil.

Thrombosis research·2026
Same author

Adherence to Clotting Factor Prophylaxis in Adolescent and Adult Males With Haemophilia.

Haemophilia : the official journal of the World Federation of Hemophilia·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Determination of Fatty Acid Oxidation and Lipogenesis in Mouse Primary Hepatocytes
12:11

Determination of Fatty Acid Oxidation and Lipogenesis in Mouse Primary Hepatocytes

Published on: August 27, 2015

20.8K

Levothyroxine Replacement Improves Oxidative Status in Primary Hypothyroidism.

Laís Farias Masullo1,2, Rejane Araújo Magalhães2,3, Romélia Pinheiro Gonçalves Lemes1,2

  • 1Research Laboratory in Haemoglobinopathies and Genetics of Haematological Diseases, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|November 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Levothyroxine replacement therapy improved oxidative stress in women with primary hypothyroidism. Treatment led to increased catalase activity and decreased malonaldehyde levels, indicating a healthier oxidative status.

Keywords:
antioxidantshypothyroidismlevothyroxine replacementoxidantsoxidative stressreactive oxygen speciesthyroid diseasethyroid hormones

More Related Videos

An Improved Time- and Labor- Efficient Protocol for Mouse Primary Hepatocyte Isolation
05:42

An Improved Time- and Labor- Efficient Protocol for Mouse Primary Hepatocyte Isolation

Published on: October 25, 2021

12.1K
Procedures of Laboratory Fumigation for Pest Control with Nitric Oxide Gas
08:58

Procedures of Laboratory Fumigation for Pest Control with Nitric Oxide Gas

Published on: November 24, 2017

17.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Determination of Fatty Acid Oxidation and Lipogenesis in Mouse Primary Hepatocytes
12:11

Determination of Fatty Acid Oxidation and Lipogenesis in Mouse Primary Hepatocytes

Published on: August 27, 2015

20.8K
An Improved Time- and Labor- Efficient Protocol for Mouse Primary Hepatocyte Isolation
05:42

An Improved Time- and Labor- Efficient Protocol for Mouse Primary Hepatocyte Isolation

Published on: October 25, 2021

12.1K
Procedures of Laboratory Fumigation for Pest Control with Nitric Oxide Gas
08:58

Procedures of Laboratory Fumigation for Pest Control with Nitric Oxide Gas

Published on: November 24, 2017

17.7K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Biochemistry
  • Oxidative Stress Research

Background:

  • Hypothyroidism is associated with oxidative stress, but the precise relationship with thyroid hormone levels remains unclear.
  • Oxidative stress plays a role in various pathologies, and its modulation by hormone replacement is of clinical interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of levothyroxine replacement on oxidative stress markers in women with primary hypothyroidism.
  • To determine if achieving euthyroidism normalizes oxidative stress parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed oxidative stress by measuring oxidants (TBARS, nitrite/nitrate) and antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase).
  • Measurements were taken in 25 female patients before and after levothyroxine (L-T4) treatment.
  • Compared marker levels between the hypothyroid and euthyroid states.

Main Results:

  • Levothyroxine therapy significantly increased catalase activity (p=0.03) and decreased TBARS levels (p=0.03) upon achieving euthyroidism.
  • No significant changes were observed in nitrite/nitrate levels (p=0.18) or superoxide dismutase activity (p=0.93).

Conclusions:

  • Levothyroxine replacement therapy effectively improved the oxidative status in women with primary hypothyroidism.
  • The observed improvements were characterized by reduced malonaldehyde (MDA) and enhanced catalase (CAT) activity.