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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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A Method to Assess Bacteriocin Effects on the Gut Microbiota of Mice
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Gut microbiota and aging.

F Mangiola1, A Nicoletti, A Gasbarrini

  • 1Division of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. fra.mangiola@gmail.com.

European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
|November 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gut microbiota plays a key role in maintaining gastrointestinal health. Alterations in gut bacteria are linked to neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting a gut-brain axis connection that may influence aging.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The gut microbiota is crucial for gastrointestinal homeostasis.
  • Alterations in gut flora are observed in various physiological and pathological conditions.
  • Inflammatory changes in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's suggest a link to gut microbiota disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the connection between the gut microbiota, inflammation, and cognitive functions.
  • To investigate the potential of modulating gut microbiota for healthier aging.
  • To understand the role of the gut-brain axis in age-related neurodegeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies on gut microbiota composition in health and disease.
  • Analysis of the interplay between microbial products, inflammatory mediators, and the immune system.
  • Examination of research on gut microbiota in elderly populations.

Main Results:

  • Qualitative and quantitative alterations in intestinal flora are linked to physiological and pathological states.
  • A strong correlation exists between gut microbiota disturbance and inflammatory alterations in neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Preliminary studies in the elderly show promising results regarding gut microbiota characterization.

Conclusions:

  • Modulating gut microbiota may promote physiological aging and potentially counteract neurodegenerative processes.
  • The gut-brain axis is a significant factor in cognitive function and aging.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise correlations between gut microbiota, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases.