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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic PolyI:C

Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic PolyI:C

Published on: March 25, 2016

Maternal lipid profile differs by gestational diabetes physiologic subtype.

Jill Layton¹, Camille Powe², Catherine Allard³

¹Department of Epidemiology, Indiana University Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental

|November 24, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) subtypes show distinct lipid profiles, with insulin sensitivity defects linked to higher triglycerides and lower HDL. Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) are associated with birth weight in GDM with insulin secretion defects.

Keywords:

Gestational diabetes Insulin secretion Insulin sensitivity Lipids Non-esterified fatty acids

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Published on: December 5, 2015

Area of Science:

Reproductive Endocrinology
Metabolic Disorders
Clinical Biochemistry

Background:

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects pregnant women, influencing maternal and fetal health.
Understanding GDM heterogeneity is crucial for targeted interventions.
Physiologic subtypes of GDM based on insulin sensitivity and secretion defects offer a refined classification.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize and compare lipid profiles across different gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) physiologic subtypes.
To investigate the association between lipid markers and newborn anthropometry in women with GDM.

Main Methods:

Prospective cohort study of 805 pregnant women, measuring seven lipid markers in fasting plasma.
Assessed insulin sensitivity and secretion using validated oral glucose tolerance test indices.
Categorized GDM subtypes based on insulin sensitivity and secretion defects compared to normal glucose tolerance (NGT) groups.

Main Results:

GDM (8.3% prevalence) was associated with higher BMI. Women with GDM and insulin sensitivity defects showed significantly higher triglycerides, lower HDL, and higher non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) compared to NGT.
GDM women with insulin secretion defects had higher NEFA compared to NGT, with other lipid markers being similar.
Elevated maternal NEFA levels correlated with higher birth weight z-scores in women with insulin secretion defects.

Conclusions:

Distinct lipid profiles exist among GDM physiologic subtypes, highlighting the importance of subtype-specific analysis.
Investigating GDM as a single entity may obscure important differences in lipid metabolism and associated outcomes.
Targeted lipid management strategies may be beneficial depending on the underlying GDM subtype.