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    Researchers developed a new method using triangular apertures to detect orbital angular momentum (OAM) in SU(2) wave-packets. This technique reveals meshy diffraction patterns to precisely measure OAM, offering a versatile tool for optical research.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Quantum Information
    • Mathematical Physics

    Background:

    • SU(2) geometric modes are special vortex beams with unique intensity and orbital angular momentum (OAM) distributions.
    • Detecting the complex OAM of these nonplanar modes is challenging.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report a novel truncated diffraction method for analyzing SU(2) geometric modes.
    • To propose a technique for detecting the complicated OAM of SU(2) wave-packets.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a triangular aperture for truncated diffraction of SU(2) geometric modes.
    • Analyzing the resulting meshy diffraction patterns to evaluate topological charge and OAM.
    • Adjusting aperture size and position to approximate classical spot-array lattices for OAM measurement.

    Main Results:

    • A meshy diffraction structure is unveiled by adjusting the illuminated aperture.
    • The meshy structure allows for the evaluation of partial topological charge and OAM by counting dark holes.
    • Controlling the aperture enables the truncated triangular lattice to mimic classical lattices for center OAM measurement.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed method offers a novel approach to detect complicated OAM in SU(2) wave-packets.
    • The technique leverages truncated diffraction with triangular apertures to create measurable meshy structures.
    • This work extends the versatility of topological structures for detecting special beams, validated by theoretical simulations.