Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

48.1K
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
48.1K
Convergent Evolution01:54

Convergent Evolution

32.9K
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
32.9K
Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

Eukaryotic Evolution

41.4K
The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
41.4K
Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

3.8K
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
3.8K
Trial and Error and Algorithm01:12

Trial and Error and Algorithm

411
A problem-solving strategy is a plan of action used to find a solution. Different strategies have distinct action plans. Trial and error involves trying different solutions until one works. For instance, to fix a broken printer, you might check ink levels, ensure the paper tray isn't jammed, and verify the printer's connection to your laptop. This method can be time-consuming but is commonly used. Thomas Edison, for example, used trial and error to find a suitable filament for the light...
411
Group Design02:01

Group Design

10.5K
The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
10.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Development of bacterial sonosensitizer hybrid systems to enhance cancer sono-immunotherapy.

Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B·2026
Same author

Effects of rumen fluid transplantation on longissimus dorsi muscle development in Xizang sheep: An association analysis based on transcriptomic and serum metabolomic profiles.

Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part D, Genomics & proteomics·2026
Same author

Tai Chi, brain activity and psychological outcomes: a systematic scoping review.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same author

Multi-omics reveals goat milk improves glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice by gut-liver axis.

Food chemistry: X·2026
Same author

Public health implications of allergic rhinitis information on YouTube and Bilibili: a cross-cultural analysis of content quality, engagement, and seasonal trends.

BMC public health·2026
Same author

Bile-Derived Exosomal miR-196a/-196b as Diagnostic Biomarkers Associated With Tumor Progression in Biliary Tract Cancer.

Cancer science·2026
Same journal

Denoising algorithm of Φ-OTDR systems based on adaptive fractional wavelet transform denoising.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Millisecond photon-to-photon latency and high-speed volumetric projection system for optogenetics.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Polarization-encoded coaxial structured light for high-precision 3D surface profilometry.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Discrete freeform optical design based on collaborative optimization of point cloud and local normals.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Ultrafast ghost imaging with 25 GHz speckle switching and wavelength-division multiplexing.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Atomic vapor cells fabricated by femtosecond laser welding of standard-optical-quality glass.

Optics express·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers
08:48

Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers

Published on: April 20, 2016

8.7K

Design of a high-performance in-coupling grating using differential evolution algorithm for waveguide display.

Cheng Pan, Zeyang Liu, Yajun Pang

    Optics Express
    |November 25, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study optimizes in-coupling gratings for waveguide displays to fix uneven brightness. The new design achieves uniform illuminance across a wide field of view (FOV).

    More Related Videos

    Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor
    07:28

    Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

    Published on: August 30, 2012

    11.2K
    Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
    10:39

    Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

    Published on: October 11, 2016

    10.1K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Feb 2, 2026

    Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers
    08:48

    Writing Bragg Gratings in Multicore Fibers

    Published on: April 20, 2016

    8.7K
    Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor
    07:28

    Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

    Published on: August 30, 2012

    11.2K
    Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
    10:39

    Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

    Published on: October 11, 2016

    10.1K

    Area of Science:

    • Optics
    • Display Technology
    • Nanophotonics

    Background:

    • Large-field-of-view (FOV) waveguide displays suffer from illuminance nonuniformity due to natural vignetting, degrading display quality.
    • Existing methods struggle to effectively compensate for vignetting and maintain uniform brightness across the entire display area.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose an optimization method for in-coupling grating design to enhance coupling efficiency and mitigate natural vignetting in waveguide displays.
    • To achieve uniform illuminance distribution over a large FOV, improving overall display performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a differential evolution algorithm for optimizing in-coupling grating parameters.
    • Designed grating structures to achieve efficiency distributions that increase with incidence angle.
    • Analyzed angular uniformity and average diffraction efficiency for specific polarization and wavelength ranges.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved uniform illuminance over a large FOV of 45° with an angular uniformity of 0.89.
    • Obtained an average diffraction efficiency of 89.13% for transverse-electric polarization at 532 nm.
    • Demonstrated 76% average diffraction efficiency across the visible wavelength region (450–700 nm).

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed differential evolution-based optimization method effectively compensates for natural vignetting in waveguide displays.
    • Optimized in-coupling gratings can significantly improve illuminance uniformity and display quality for large FOV applications.
    • The design offers high diffraction efficiency, making it suitable for practical waveguide display systems.