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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Communications
    • Materials Science (Silicon Photonics)

    Background:

    • Silicon-based Mach Zehnder modulators exhibit complex nonlinear pattern-dependent behavior, unlike traditional lithium niobate modulators.
    • This nonlinearity surpasses simple intersymbol interference, posing a significant challenge for high-speed optical data transmission.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and experimentally validate a novel predistortion technique to mitigate nonlinear impairments in silicon Mach Zehnder modulators.
    • To compare the performance of the proposed method against linear compensation techniques across various modulation formats and data rates.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of a predistortion method based on iterative learning control (ILC).
    • Utilizing quasi-real-time adaptation with a hardware-in-the-loop experimental setup.
    • Bit error rate (BER) performance evaluation for multiple M-QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) levels and baud rates.

    Main Results:

    • Successful demonstration of 256-QAM at 20 Gbaud, a level unachievable with linear compensation alone.
    • A 4.4 dB improvement in power sensitivity for 128-QAM at 40 Gbaud compared to linear solutions.
    • A combined optical compensation and ILC approach yielded approximately 5 dB power sensitivity improvement for 32-QAM at 60 Gbaud.

    Conclusions:

    • The iterative learning control (ILC) based predistortion method effectively addresses nonlinear pattern-dependent behavior in silicon Mach Zehnder modulators.
    • This technique enables higher-order modulation formats and baud rates, significantly enhancing optical communication system performance and sensitivity.