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Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters
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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optics
    • Nonlinear Optics
    • Terahertz Science

    Background:

    • Terahertz (THz) generation is crucial for various scientific and technological applications.
    • Periodically poled Lithium Niobate (PPLN) is a promising material for nonlinear optical processes.
    • Improving conversion efficiency and managing optical/THz interactions are key challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate a robust, multi-stage system for high-efficiency, laser-driven narrowband terahertz generation.
    • To investigate the benefits of pump pulse recycling and staged out-coupling in PPLN-based THz systems.
    • To accurately model the complex optical and THz wave interactions using a 2-D numerical approach.

    Main Methods:

    • A multi-stage terahertz generation system utilizing periodically poled Lithium Niobate (PPLN).
    • Pump pulse recycling after each PPLN stage to enhance interaction.
    • Staged out-coupling of terahertz radiation to minimize absorption and increase effective interaction length.
    • Numerical solution of 2-D coupled wave equations using the finite difference method to account for nonlinear effects and propagation phenomena.

    Main Results:

    • The 2-D numerical model accurately captures difference frequency generation, self-phase modulation, self-focusing, diffraction, dispersion, and absorption.
    • Dispersion compensation of the pump pulse after each stage significantly enhances terahertz generation efficiency.
    • A two-stage system predicts a 17.6 mJ terahertz pulse at 0.3 THz with a total conversion efficiency of 1.6% (0.8% per stage).
    • High out-coupling efficiencies (>93.0%) were achieved at each stage.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed multi-stage PPLN system offers a robust and efficient method for laser-driven terahertz generation.
    • The combination of pump recycling, staged out-coupling, and dispersion management is critical for maximizing conversion efficiency.
    • Advanced 2-D numerical modeling provides crucial insights into optimizing such systems by accounting for complex physical effects.