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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Graded Potential01:19

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Graded potentials are localized fluctuations in the cell membrane's electrical charge, commonly found in the dendrites of neurons. The magnitude of these potential changes depends on the strength of the initiating stimulus. In a membrane at its resting potential, a graded potential signifies a voltage shift either above -70 mV or below -70 mV.
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Aggregate grading is crucial in economically obtaining a concrete mix with adequate strength, reasonable workability, and minimal segregation. There are four types of aggregate gradation: well-graded, uniformly (or one-sized) graded, gap-graded, and open-graded.
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Sieve analysis is a method used to determine the particle size distribution of aggregate materials. This process involves the following steps:
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Related Experiment Video

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A Protocol for Explant Cultures of IDH1-mutant Diffuse Low-grade Gliomas
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Diffuse Low-Grade Glioma-Related Epilepsy.

Johan Pallud1, Guy M McKhann2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1 rue Cabanis, Paris Cedex 14 75674, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; French Glioma Study Group, Réseau d'Etude des Gliomes, REG, Groland, France; Inserm, U894, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris, France.

Neurosurgery Clinics of North America
|November 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGGs) are highly epileptogenic brain tumors, with seizures worsening over time. Achieving a large extent of resection, including supratotal resection, improves seizure control after surgery.

Keywords:
Diffuse low-grade gliomaEpileptic seizureGABAGlutamateIsocitrate dehydrogenaseMammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)Maximal functional-based resectionSurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Epileptology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGGs) are primary brain tumors with a high incidence of epileptic seizures (>90%).
  • Seizures and drug resistance in DLGGs often progress over time, impacting patient quality of life.
  • Glioma-related epilepsy involves multifactorial mechanisms originating in the infiltrated peritumoral neocortex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate predictors of postoperative seizure control in DLGGs.
  • To evaluate the impact of resection extent on seizure outcomes.
  • To understand the relationship between seizures at diagnosis and DLGG progression.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of DLGG patient data.
  • Correlation of preoperative seizure duration and extent of surgical resection with postoperative seizure control.
  • Assessment of the influence of initial epileptic seizures on tumor behavior and survival.

Main Results:

  • Shorter seizure duration before surgery is a key predictor of successful postoperative seizure control.
  • A larger extent of resection, particularly supratotal resection, significantly improves seizure outcomes.
  • The presence of epileptic seizures at diagnosis is associated with increased malignant transformation and reduced overall survival in DLGGs.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical resection, aiming for maximal safe removal (supratotal resection), is crucial for managing epilepsy in DLGG patients.
  • Early surgical intervention and optimizing resection extent are vital for improving seizure control and potentially survival.
  • Understanding the role of seizures at diagnosis may inform prognostic assessments and treatment strategies for DLGGs.