The pterygopalatine fossa: morphometric CT study with clinical implications

Area of Science:

• Anatomy
• Radiology
• Skull Base Surgery

Background:

• The pterygopalatine fossa is a complex anatomical region crucial for endoscopic surgical approaches.
• Accurate preoperative imaging, such as computed tomography (CT), is essential for navigating this area.
• Understanding the fossa's morphometry aids in surgical planning and minimizing complications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a detailed morphometric analysis of the pterygopalatine fossa and its associated foramina and canals.
• To identify and quantify previously unpublished anatomical measurements within the pterygopalatine fossa.
• To investigate potential sex-based differences in the morphometric characteristics of the pterygopalatine fossa.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of 100 computed tomography (CT) scans (56 male, 44 female).
• Utilized axial, coronal, sagittal slices, and three-dimensional reconstructions for detailed measurements.
• Measured diameters and lengths of the foramen rotundum, pterygoid (vidian) canal, and sphenopalatine foramen.

Main Results:

• Significant differences in the diameters and lengths of the foramen rotundum, vidian canal, and sphenopalatine foramen were observed between males and females.
• Central diameters of the foramen rotundum and vidian canal were smaller than their anterior and posterior transverse diameters.
• Vidian canal length measurements showed high accuracy in identifying Type 3 vidian canals.

Conclusions:

• The study presents novel morphometric data for the pterygopalatine fossa, including angles and distances previously undescribed.
• These new anatomical descriptions enhance the understanding of the pterygopalatine fossa's complex anatomy.
• The findings are valuable for improving surgical navigation and comprehension in endoscopic procedures involving the pterygopalatine fossa.