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A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
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Multiple representations in visual working memory simultaneously guide attention: The type of memory-matching

Lingxia Fan1, Mengdan Sun1, Mengsi Xu2

  • 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.

Acta Psychologica
|November 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The study found that multiple visual working memory (VWM) templates can guide attention simultaneously, especially for colors and colored shapes. This supports the multiple-item-template hypothesis, though shape-based guidance was less consistent.

Keywords:
Attentional guidanceVisual searchVisual working memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • The capacity of visual working memory (VWM) and its ability to guide attention are debated.
  • The single-item-template hypothesis posits only one VWM representation can guide attention, while the multiple-item-template hypothesis suggests multiple can.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether multiple VWM representations can simultaneously guide attention.
  • To test the single-item-template versus multiple-item-template hypotheses using different memory stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments used shapes, colors, or colored shapes held in VWM (1 or 2 items).
  • Participants performed a search task with zero, one, or two matching distractors.
  • Experiment 4 compared feature-based versus object-based matching effects.

Main Results:

  • Guidance effects were observed for all memory stimuli types.
  • A larger guidance effect for two items versus one item was found for colors and colored shapes, supporting multiple-item templates.
  • Simultaneous guidance was less consistent for shapes, suggesting stimulus type influences the effect.
  • Object-based matching yielded reliable guidance, unlike feature-based matching.

Conclusions:

  • The findings generally support the multiple-item-template hypothesis for VWM.
  • The effectiveness of memory-matching stimuli is crucial for observing simultaneous attentional guidance.
  • Object-based representations in VWM are more effective at guiding attention than feature-based ones.