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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
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[Osteosarcopenia: A narrative review].

Bernardo Cedeno-Veloz1, Pedro López-Dóriga Bonnardeauxa2, Gustavo Duque3

  • 1Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St. Albans, VIC, Australia; Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, España.

Revista Espanola De Geriatria Y Gerontologia
|November 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteosarcopenia, the combination of sarcopenia and low bone density, increases fall and fracture risks. This review details its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management, highlighting the need for integrated care.

Keywords:
CaídasFallsOsteoporosisOsteosarcopeniaSarco-osteoporosisSarcopenia

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Bone and Muscle Biology
  • Clinical Phenotyping

Background:

  • Osteosarcopenia combines sarcopenia (age-related muscle loss) and low bone mineral density (osteoporosis).
  • This dual condition presents a higher risk of falls, fractures, and functional dependence than either condition alone.
  • It is increasingly recognized as a distinct geriatric syndrome requiring specific attention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of osteosarcopenia.
  • To outline its epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnostic criteria.
  • To review current non-pharmacological and pharmacological management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on osteosarcopenia.
  • Analysis of existing research on sarcopenia and osteoporosis.
  • Synthesis of data on diagnosis and management.

Main Results:

  • Osteosarcopenia is associated with significantly increased risks compared to individual components.
  • Current management approaches often address sarcopenia and osteoporosis separately, indicating a need for integrated strategies.
  • Lack of consensus on terminology (e.g., osteosarcopenia, sarco-osteopenia) complicates research and clinical practice.

Conclusions:

  • Osteosarcopenia represents a critical geriatric syndrome with substantial health implications.
  • Integrated diagnostic and management approaches are essential for this phenotype.
  • Further research and consensus on terminology are needed to advance clinical care and research.