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Related Concept Videos

What is Monogastric Digestion?01:50

What is Monogastric Digestion?

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The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.
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Lipid Digestion

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Lipids are large molecules that are generally not water-soluble. Since most of the digestive enzymes in the human body are water-based, there are specific steps the body must take to break down lipids and make them available for use.
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Carbohydrate Digestion00:57

Carbohydrate Digestion

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Carbohydrate digestion and metabolism break down simple and complex carbohydrates from food into saccharides (i.e., sugars) for the body to use as energy. Carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth during mastication, or chewing. The masticated carbohydrates remain intact in the stomach. Digestion resumes in the duodenum of the small intestine, where pancreatic alpha-amylase and brush border enzymes of the microvilli convert complex carbohydrates to monosaccharides. Finally, the monosaccharides...
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Protein Digestion01:02

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Protein digestion begins in the stomach, where the highly acidic environment can easily disrupt protein structure by exposing the peptide bonds of polypeptide chains. After polypeptide chains are broken into individual amino acids by a series of digestive enzymes, the amino acids are transported to the liver via the bloodstream to produce energy.
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Digestive activity regulation hinges on three primary components. Activation is prompted by a multitude of mechanical and chemical indicators, primarily detected by receptors within the stomach and intestines' walls. These receptors predominantly respond to factors such as mechanical stretching of the organ walls, changes in pH and osmolarity, and the presence of digesting materials and their by-products.
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The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
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Evaluation of Integrated Anaerobic Digestion and Hydrothermal Carbonization for Bioenergy Production
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Integrated process for anaerobically digested swine manure treatment.

Lu Wang1, Min Addy2, Jie Liu3

  • 1State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, National Engineering Laboratory for High-concentration Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technologies (NELHROWTT), East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.

Bioresource Technology
|November 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a three-step process to treat swine manure for algae cultivation. The method effectively removes pollutants and produces harvestable algae biomass, offering a sustainable waste management solution.

Keywords:
Activated carbon adsorptionAlgae and bacteria co-cultivationDigested swine manureFlocculationStruvite precipitation

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Waste Management

Background:

  • Anaerobically digested swine manure (ADSM) presents significant disposal challenges.
  • Nutrient-rich ADSM can be a resource if properly treated.
  • Effective treatment is crucial for sustainable agriculture and environmental protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate an integrated three-step process for treating ADSM.
  • To optimize conditions for algae cultivation using treated ADSM.
  • To achieve high removal efficiencies of pollutants and produce valuable biomass.

Main Methods:

  • Pre-treatment: Flocculation and struvite precipitation to remove particles and phosphorus.
  • Biological treatment: A+B co-cultivation of algae at 40% dilution (2.5x).
  • Advanced treatment: Activated carbon adsorption for color and residual compound removal.

Main Results:

  • Optimal algae cultivation achieved at 40% dilution with 2.325 g/L biomass concentration.
  • High nutrient removal: COD (9770 mg/L), TN (235 mg/L), TP (25.3 mg/L).
  • Excellent pollutant removal efficiencies post-treatment: COD (97.2%), TN (94.0%), TP (99.7%), NH4-N (99.9%).
  • 94.8% of algae biomass settled naturally within 30 minutes, facilitating harvest.

Conclusions:

  • The integrated three-step process is effective for treating ADSM and enabling algae cultivation.
  • The optimized process achieves high pollutant removal and produces harvestable algae biomass.
  • This approach offers a sustainable solution for swine manure management and resource recovery.