Increased circulating granzyme B in type 2 diabetes patients with low-grade systemic inflammation

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Immunology
• Metabolic Diseases

Background:

• Metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes (T2D) involve adipose tissue inflammation and remodeling.
• Granzyme B (GrB), a serine protease from leukocytes, contributes to tissue injury and inflammation.
• Elevated GrB is linked to aging and chronic inflammatory diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate circulating Granzyme B (GrB) levels in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients.
• To examine the relationship between GrB levels and systemic inflammatory markers in T2D.
• To identify correlates of GrB in the context of metabolic disease.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study comparing 51 T2D patients with 29 non-diabetic controls.
• Clinical work-up and fasting blood sampling for routine biochemistry and inflammatory profile analysis.
• Serum GrB levels measured using a Human Granzyme-B Platinum ELISA kit.

Main Results:

• T2D patients exhibited significantly higher serum GrB levels than controls (p=0.03).
• In T2D patients, increased GrB correlated with elevated IL-6, TNF-α, and WISP1 levels.
• Multivariate analysis confirmed GrB association with T2D diagnosis, independent of confounders.

Conclusions:

• Increased circulating Granzyme B (GrB) is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosis.
• GrB levels correlate with adipose tissue-linked systemic inflammation markers in T2D.
• GrB may play a role in the inflammatory processes of metabolic diseases.