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Neuroimaging Applications in Functional Movement Disorders.

Luis Pedro Faria de Abreu1, Tiago Teodoro2, Mark J Edwards3

  • 1Departamento de Neurociências do Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal; Assistente Convidado da Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.

International Review of Neurobiology
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional movement disorders, a type of functional neurological disorder, present with unique movement characteristics. Recent research increasingly explores their neurobiology using brain imaging to understand abnormal movement control.

Keywords:
ConversionFunctional movement disorderPsychogenicfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Functional movement disorders (FMDs) are a subtype of functional neurological disorder (FND), presenting common yet disabling neurological symptoms.
  • Historically, FMD pathophysiology research focused on psychological factors like trauma.
  • A paradigm shift has occurred, incorporating neurobiological investigations, particularly brain imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing brain imaging evidence in FMDs.
  • To elucidate the neurobiological underpinnings of abnormal movement control in FMDs.
  • To integrate imaging findings into understanding FMD pathophysiology.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of neuroimaging studies in functional movement disorders.
  • Analysis of brain imaging data (e.g., fMRI, EEG, structural MRI) in FMD patients.
  • Synthesis of findings to correlate imaging biomarkers with clinical characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Imaging studies reveal distinct patterns of brain activity and connectivity in FMDs compared to healthy controls and other movement disorders.
  • Evidence suggests alterations in sensorimotor, cognitive control, and emotional regulation networks.
  • Specific imaging findings aid in differentiating FMDs and understanding their pathophysiology.

Conclusions:

  • Brain imaging provides crucial insights into the neurobiological basis of functional movement disorders.
  • Understanding these neurobiological mechanisms is key to developing targeted treatments.
  • Further research integrating imaging with clinical data will refine diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for FMDs.