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Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

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Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...
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Intrinsically Disordered Proteins02:18

Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

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Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
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The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles01:43

The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles

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In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
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Fluid Movement Between Compartments01:18

Fluid Movement Between Compartments

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The force applied by fluids against a surface, known as hydrostatic pressure, initiates the transfer of fluid among different compartments. Within our blood vessels, the blood's hydrostatic pressure is a result of the heart's pumping action. At the arteriolar end of capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (capillary blood pressure) exceeds the opposing colloid osmotic pressure created primarily by plasma proteins like albumin. This discrepancy in pressure propels plasma and nutrients from the...
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Movement Joints in Buildings01:27

Movement Joints in Buildings

349
Movement joints in buildings are essential design elements that accommodate inevitable motions caused by various factors such as temperature changes, moisture content variations, and structural deflections. These motions, if not considered in design and construction, can lead to unsightly or dangerous damage. Movement joints are incorporated in different forms to manage these stresses and allow materials to move without causing distress.
The simplest type of movement joints, working joints, are...
349
Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria01:10

Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

3.6K
Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Molecular Imaging to Target Transplanted Muscle Progenitor Cells
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Molecular Imaging to Target Transplanted Muscle Progenitor Cells

Published on: March 27, 2013

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Imaging Transplantation in Movement Disorders.

Edoardo Rosario de Natale1, Heather Wilson1, Gennaro Pagano1

  • 1Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

International Review of Neurobiology
|November 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Cell replacement therapy shows mixed results for Parkinson

Keywords:
Huntington's diseaseMagnetic resonance imagingMovement disordersNeurodegenerationParkinson's diseasePositron emission tomographySingle photon emission computed tomographyStem cellsTransplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine
  • Molecular Imaging in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Background:

  • Cell replacement therapy using graft transplantation is explored for neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD).
  • Clinical trial outcomes for graft transplantation have been inconsistent, with mixed results from preclinical and pilot studies compared to randomized controlled trials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the utility of molecular imaging techniques in evaluating cell graft survival and host-graft interactions in neurodegenerative disease models.
  • To correlate imaging findings with clinical outcomes in patients undergoing cell replacement therapy for PD and HD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with tracers like [18F]DOPA and [11C]DASB for PD studies.
  • Employed PET imaging with [11C]PK11195 for HD studies to assess graft survival and inflammatory responses.
  • Correlated in vivo imaging data with clinical assessments of patient improvement.

Main Results:

  • In PD, graft survival did not consistently correlate with clinical improvement; worse outcomes were linked to lower [18F]DOPA binding and high serotonin to dopamine ratios.
  • In HD, PET imaging indicated that graft survival and clinical response might be associated with the host's inflammatory/immune system activation.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular imaging is crucial for assessing graft function and host responses in cell replacement therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Imaging markers are being refined to improve patient selection and optimize protocols for ongoing clinical trials in PD and HD.