Vertebral spine osteoporosis treatment efficacy in local population: A clinical study

Muhammad Asadullah1, Rahila Ikram2, Shazza Qazi3

  • 1Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan.

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

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