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Electrochemical Biosensing System for Single Cells, Cellular Aggregates and Microenvironments.

Hitoshi Shiku1

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University.

Analytical Sciences : the International Journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry
|November 27, 2018
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Summary

Electrochemical biosensors offer advanced methods for studying cells and tissues. These techniques enable detailed in situ analysis and parallel monitoring for applications in gene expression and cellular function.

Keywords:
Scanning electrochemical microscopycell chipembryoid bodygene expressionmass spectrometryreporter systemscanning ion conductance microscopysingle cell analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Biosensing
  • Cell Biology
  • Microfabrication

Background:

  • Electrochemical biosensing is crucial for surveying intact cells and tissues.
  • Two main approaches exist: stylus-type microelectrode probes and electrode-integrated microdevices.
  • Microsensors monitor localized physical/chemical properties in situ under wet conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review applications of electrochemical biosensing for cell and tissue analysis.
  • To highlight advancements in microelectrode probes and microdevices.
  • To discuss on-chip culture systems for gene expression and in vivo-like cellular environments.

Main Methods:

  • Amperometric measurements using stylus-type microelectrode probes.
  • Electrode-integrated microdevices based on lithographic technologies.
  • Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) for localized monitoring.
  • On-chip culture systems with controlled microenvironments.

Main Results:

  • Microsensors enable in situ monitoring of oxygen, enzyme activity, and transcripts.
  • Electrode array devices provide rapid, parallel, multi-analyte assays.
  • Electrochemical reporter assays monitor gene expression in modified cells.
  • Controlled microenvironments facilitate long-term monitoring of spheroids and 3D-cultured cells.

Conclusions:

  • Electrochemical biosensing provides powerful tools for cellular and tissue analysis.
  • Microdevices and on-chip systems enable sophisticated in vitro studies.
  • These technologies advance the understanding of cellular functions and gene expression.