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Related Concept Videos

Kinetic Friction01:26

Kinetic Friction

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Consider a truck trying to pull a stationary car. As the truck exerts a force on the car, static friction is created at the point of contact between the two surfaces. This frictional force resists the car's movement and keeps it at rest. However, when the applied force by the truck surpasses the limiting static frictional force, an interesting phenomenon occurs. The frictional force at the interface reduces to a lower value, known as the kinetic frictional force. At this point, the car...
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Types of Friction Problems01:27

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Friction is an essential concept in physics, engineering, and everyday life. It is the force that opposes the relative motion or tendency of such motion between two surfaces in contact. One of the most common types of friction encountered in various applications is dry friction. Dry friction problems can be broadly categorized into three types, each with unique characteristics and challenges.
The first type of dry friction problem involves situations where there is no apparent impending motion....
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Friction: Problem Solving01:21

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Friction is an essential force that influences the motion of objects in daily life. Depending on the situation, it can be either beneficial or problematic. Consider a bus with a mass of three megagrams and its center of mass at a specific point, moving along a banked road at a constant speed. The coefficient of static friction between the tires and the road is 0.5. Find the maximum angle of the banked road at which the bus would not slip or tip.
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Frictional Force01:07

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When a body is in motion, it encounters resistance because the body interacts with its surroundings. This resistance is known as friction, a common yet complex force whose behavior is still not completely understood. Friction opposes relative motion between systems in contact, but also allows us to move. Friction arises in part due to the roughness of surfaces in contact. For one object to move along a surface, it must rise to where the peaks of the surface can skip along the bottom of the...
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Dry Friction01:30

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Dry friction occurs between two solid surfaces in contact as they attempt to move relative to one another. In daily life, dry friction is encountered in various forms, such as when walking on the ground, sliding an object across a table, or rubbing hands together. Despite its ubiquity, the underlying mechanisms behind dry friction are not readily visible.
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Static Friction01:18

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Static friction is a force that opposes the relative motion or tendency of motion between two surfaces in contact. It plays a crucial role in our daily lives, from walking on the ground to driving a car.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

A Simple and Scalable Fabrication Method for Organic Electronic Devices on Textiles
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A two-step method for fabricating large-area textile-embedded elastomers for tunable friction.

Takuya Ohzono1, Kay Teraoka2

  • 1Electronics and Photonics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.

Royal Society Open Science
|November 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new two-step method for fabricating large-area, shape-tunable wrinkled elastomeric sheets with embedded textiles. This method ensures uniformity and enhances friction control for diverse applications.

Keywords:
large-area fabricationsqueeze filmtextile-embedded elastomertunable friction

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Engineering
  • Tribology

Background:

  • Shape-tunable wrinkles on elastomeric sheets with embedded textiles enable in situ friction control.
  • Scaling up fabrication of these sheets for practical applications is challenging due to non-uniform textile embedding.
  • Non-uniformity reduces the tunable friction range, stemming from difficulties in squeezing viscoelastic liquids on deformable surfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a scalable fabrication method for uniform, large-area textile-embedded elastomeric sheets.
  • To overcome limitations of previous methods in achieving precise micro-object embedding.
  • To enable enhanced, tunable friction control in large-format materials.

Main Methods:

  • A novel two-step fabrication process was employed, avoiding the deformable elastomeric surface during the squeezing stage.
  • The method involves post-joining a pre-formed textile-embedded layer to an elastomeric base sheet.
  • Fabrication was demonstrated on a large area (180 × 180 mm).

Main Results:

  • Achieved uniform textile embedding in large-area elastomeric sheets (180 × 180 mm).
  • Demonstrated a significant change in friction upon strain-induced transformation between flat and wrinkled states.
  • The new method overcomes the non-uniformity issue associated with scaling up fabrication.

Conclusions:

  • The developed two-step method enables scalable and uniform fabrication of textile-embedded elastomeric sheets.
  • This advancement significantly improves the potential for in situ friction control in large-area applications.
  • Theoretical discussion on squeeze film hydrodynamics provides a general framework for precise micro-object embedding in elastomers.