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Invasive Meningococcal Disease in the Vaccine Era

Simon Nadel1, Nelly Ninis2

  • 1Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, St. Mary's Hospital and Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|November 27, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Meningococcal infections cause meningitis and septicaemia globally. Prompt diagnosis and treatment, including effective vaccines, are crucial for reducing mortality from invasive meningococcal disease (IMD).

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) is a primary cause of meningitis and septicaemia worldwide.
  • Humans are the sole reservoir, with asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriage common in adolescents.
  • Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) has a significant mortality rate, especially with delayed treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical features of IMD.
  • To outline current treatment recommendations for IMD.
  • To discuss the impact of immunization strategies, including Group B meningococcus vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical features and treatment of IMD.
  • Analysis of existing evidence on meningococcal vaccines.
  • Discussion of epidemiological data on meningococcal carriage and disease.

Main Results:

  • Early recognition and aggressive parenteral antimicrobial therapy are critical for improving outcomes in IMD.
  • Management of complications like shock and raised intracranial pressure is essential.
  • Vaccination strategies, particularly against Group B meningococcus, have shown significant effects.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt and effective management, alongside vaccination, is key to reducing IMD mortality.
  • Understanding meningococcal epidemiology and carriage is vital for public health interventions.
  • Continued research and vaccine development are important for controlling meningococcal disease.
Keywords:
epidemiologymeningitismeningococcalsepsistreatmentvaccine

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