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What Do Parents Need to Know About Concussion? Developing Consensus Using the Delphi Method.

Emily Kroshus1,2,3, Sara P D Chrisman1,2,3, Kimberly G Harmon4,5

  • 1Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Experts identified key concussion behaviors and knowledge for parents, but consensus was lacking on whether parents can realistically implement all necessary actions due to scientific uncertainty. This highlights challenges in concussion education for parents and guardians.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sports Medicine
  • Public Health Communication
  • Concussion Management

Background:

  • Preseason concussion education is common in schools and sports leagues, often mandated for participation.
  • Current directives on concussion education content for parents/guardians are vague or absent.
  • Effective concussion education requires clear, actionable information for parents and guardians.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To achieve expert consensus on essential concussion knowledge for parents/guardians.
  • To identify critical parent/guardian behaviors for concussion prevention, identification, and management.
  • To determine knowledge domains necessary for parents/guardians to perform these behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • A modified Delphi process was employed.
  • A panel of nationally recognized experts participated.
  • Consensus was sought on parent/guardian behaviors and related knowledge domains.

Main Results:

  • Sixteen essential parent/guardian behaviors and 24 knowledge domains were identified.
  • Consensus was not reached on the feasibility of parents performing about one-third of identified behaviors.
  • Disagreement existed on whether "correct" answers could be determined for most knowledge domains based on current science.

Conclusions:

  • Expert consensus reveals challenges in providing complete concussion information to parents due to scientific uncertainty.
  • Practical and ethical questions arise regarding parent/guardian roles in concussion care when information is incomplete.
  • Risk communication and shared decision-making principles are crucial for educating parents about concussions.