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The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
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A 65-nm CMOS Fully Integrated Analysis Platform Using an On-Chip Vector Network Analyzer and a

Kiichi Niitsu, Taiki Nakanishi, Shunya Murakami

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    This study presents a novel integrated CMOS circuit for detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and exosomes. The high-sensitivity system enables analysis of low-concentration CTCs in blood.

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    Area of Science:

    • Electrical Engineering
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and exosomes are crucial biomarkers for cancer detection and monitoring.
    • Existing methods for analyzing these biomarkers often lack sensitivity or require complex sample preparation.
    • There is a need for integrated, high-sensitivity platforms for rapid and accurate analysis of low-concentration CTCs and exosomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present the first fully integrated CMOS circuit for circulating tumor cell (CTC) and exosome analysis.
    • To develop a high-sensitivity detection system capable of analyzing extremely low concentrations of CTCs in blood.
    • To demonstrate the feasibility of using a transmission-line-based detection window integrated with a vector network analyzer.

    Main Methods:

    • A fully integrated CMOS circuit architecture was designed and fabricated using 65-nm CMOS technology.
    • A transmission-line-based detection window, utilizing a coplanar waveguide, was integrated into the circuit.
    • The system's performance was validated through measurements using silicone, water, magnetic beads, and actual CTCs.

    Main Results:

    • The integrated circuit demonstrated high sensitivity, with measured |S_21| degradation of -1.96 dB (silicone) and -6.04 dB (water) at 1.4 GHz.
    • The system successfully analyzed low concentrations of magnetic beads (20 beads/μL).
    • Measurement with circulating tumor cells (CTCs) was successfully demonstrated, validating the system's potential for clinical applications.

    Conclusions:

    • The presented fully integrated CMOS circuit offers a novel and highly sensitive platform for CTC and exosome analysis.
    • The integrated architecture eliminates parasitic components, enabling detection of extremely low biomarker concentrations.
    • This technology holds significant promise for advancing early cancer detection and personalized medicine through blood analysis.