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A Visual Guide for Studying Behavioral Defenses to Pathogen Attacks in Leaf-Cutting Ants
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Doublesex Evolution Is Correlated with Social Complexity in Ants.

Ling-Yi Jia1, Li Chen2, Laurent Keller3

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Genome Biology and Evolution
|November 27, 2018
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The doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor (Dmrt) gene family, particularly doublesex (dsx), shows rapid evolution in ants. Its expression patterns may link to social organization and reproductive division of labor.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genetics
  • Social insect biology

Background:

  • Doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor (Dmrt) genes are key regulators of sexual development.
  • The doublesex (dsx) gene is a potential regulator of division of labor in social insects due to caste-specific expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular evolution of the Dmrt gene family in ants.
  • To explore the relationship between dsx evolution, social organization, and reproductive division of labor.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular evolution analysis of Dmrt genes in 20 ant species.
  • Phylogenetic reconstruction and selection analysis.
  • Gene expression analysis in adult ants.

Main Results:

  • The oligomerization domain 2 of DSX was absent in most ants, except for basal Ponerinae species.
  • dsx exhibited faster evolution and positive selection in advanced social ant subfamilies (Myrmicinae, Formicinae).
  • dsx showed male-biased expression in most species, except in those with genetic caste determination.

Conclusions:

  • The evolution of dsx is potentially associated with the development of complex social organization and reproductive division of labor in ants.
  • Absence of male-biased dsx expression in genetically determined castes suggests a link to social structure.