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Understanding the Bone in Cancer Metastasis.

Jaime Fornetti1, Alana L Welm1, Sheila A Stewart2,3,4

  • 1Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
|November 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Bone metastasis is common in many cancers, rarely curable, and causes significant morbidity. Understanding the bone microenvironment is crucial for targeting cancer cell seeding, dormancy, and growth.

Keywords:
AGING IN THE BONE MICROENVIRONMENTBONE NICHEBONE TURNOVERCANCER-BONE CROSSTALKMETASTASISTUMOR CELL DORMANCY

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Area of Science:

  • Bone biology and cancer metastasis research.
  • Interdisciplinary study of the bone microenvironment and cancer cell interactions.

Background:

  • Bone is a common site for metastasis from various solid tumors, particularly breast and prostate cancer.
  • Bone metastasis leads to severe complications like pain, fractures, and hypercalcemia, with limited curative options.
  • The 'soil' or microenvironment of the bone plays a critical role in supporting tumor cell survival and growth, a concept first proposed by Stephen Paget.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the bone microenvironment's role in cancer metastasis.
  • To discuss how the bone microenvironment influences cancer cell seeding, dormancy, and growth.
  • To highlight the importance of studying the bone 'soil' in addition to the tumor 'seed'.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on bone metastasis and the bone microenvironment.
  • Discussion of key cellular components within the bone microenvironment, including the endosteal niche, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and adipocytes.
  • Exploration of the mechanisms by which these components affect tumor cell behavior.

Main Results:

  • The bone microenvironment provides a unique 'soil' that supports tumor cell colonization, dormancy, and growth.
  • Specific components like the endosteal niche, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and adipocytes are implicated in influencing tumor cell behavior.
  • While advances have been made, the precise impact of the bone microenvironment on tumor growth remains an area requiring further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of the bone microenvironment is essential for developing effective treatments for bone metastasis.
  • Further research into the intricate interactions between cancer cells and the bone 'soil' is needed.
  • Targeting the bone microenvironment holds promise for improving outcomes in patients with metastatic cancer.